Leucine, Val, and Ile are categorized as the branched-chain AA (BCAA) because of the structural similarity of their side chains. All 3 BCAA share the enzymes that are involved in the first 2 steps of their catabolic pathway. The first step is a transamination step catalyzed by BCAA transaminase (BCAT) and producing branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKA). The second step is an irreversible degradation step catalyzed by branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH). In the second step, Leu has been considered a key regulator as its BCKA metabolite (α-keto isocaproate) stimulates activation of the BCKDH complex in the liver. When excess Leu in diets is offered to pigs, degradation of all 3 BCAA may increase because of increased activity of BCAT and BCKDH. Leucine and Trp are both categorized as large neutral AA, and they share a common uptake pathway across the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, it is possible that excessive Leu may result in reduced Trp uptake into the brain due to competition for transporters, resulting in reduced serotonin synthesis.